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The foundation of the Ottoman empire; a history of the Osmanlis up to the death of Bayezid I (1300-1403), by Herbert Adams Gibbons
Ebook Download The foundation of the Ottoman empire; a history of the Osmanlis up to the death of Bayezid I (1300-1403), by Herbert Adams Gibbons
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- Sales Rank: #10158219 in Books
- Published on: 2012-08-31
- Released on: 2011-06-05
- Original language: English
- Dimensions: 10.00" h x .90" w x 7.50" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 398 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
The author implicitly singles out Murad as the best of the Osmallis
By Fuad R Qubein
In European history the fourteenth century witnessed a unique series of events that shook the basic political and cultural foundations of the entire continent and left its impressions on it for centuries to come.
As we may recall, the Byzantine empire in eastern Europe in the 14th century was in a deplorable condition suffering from decadence, disunity and internal fights. The hand of the Catholic Church was also heavy and felt everywhere. On the opposite side in Asia Minor a new Islamic movement was starting in a small Turkish emirate led by a new leader called Osman. It is clear that not much attention was given to this regional event at the time. Yet this was the beginning of a series of invasions into Eastern Europe at the hands of Osman and his heirs Orkhan, Murad and Bayezid. Few at the time suspected that these events would evolve to become the foundation of the Ottoman Empire.
The small incursions soon developed into major wars engulfing almost half of Europe. It was a war between Asians and Europeans and between Islam and Christendom. Although basically of similar roots, Islam and Christianity differed drastically in their social, political and cultural norms. The immensity of these differences became shockingly clear from the first invasion: Christians were expected to convert into Islam or pay a tax; churches were to become mosques; the head of the concurred state became a vassal of the Islamic invader; all social rules and customs including inheritance, marriage etc. were to conform to Islamic doctrines. In so far as the Osmanlis triumphed in most cases the character of East Europe underwent permanent change which can be felt even today. In fact it was almost totally Islamised.
The author implicitly singles out Murad as the best of the Osmallis. What exactly gives him this distinction by this renowned historian? For one thing Murad was an efficient warrior and strategist throughout his 30 years of invasions. Not once did he lose! His management of war activities was firm and clear. He was aggressive, yet not exceedingly so. He made it certain that he will not be cheated or opposed. When he discovered that his own son was conspiring against him he had his two eyes pulled out! On the other hand he tried to be reasonable with his defeated enemies. Almost always he forgave his opponent and, instead of cutting off his head, he put him back in his position but as his vassal. Although he took some slaves he mostly enlisted his prisoners into his own army and treated them equally. Perhaps the best testimony to his prestige is the fact that many Christians converted to Islam willingly to live under his rule. It was clear that Murad was not just a raider but rather keen to expand the empire and give it stability. He came to the new country to stay and to assimilate.
Bayezid, although not to the standard of Murad, he initially performed well in extending the influence of the empire, but in later years he degenerated and immersed himself in debauchery and personal pleasures. Later, Timur, of the Tartars, had no difficulty in defeating him. He tried to forgive him but when he discovered how arrogant he was tried to humiliate him by displaying him publicly in a cage and even forcing his wife to serve in one of his dinners,naked!
It would be difficult to recommend this book to the general reader. The details of the events, the wars, the names... can be more overwhelming than entertaining. This book is more appropriate for students of history or for people with a special interest (like the writer of this review whose grandfathers lived under the yoke of the Ottoman Empire for many generations).
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Pretty serious history but their empire left us in the ...
By Greenfingers
Pretty serious history but their empire left us in the 21st century for dead when it came to religious tolerance.
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